Network convergence zones in the anterior midcingulate cortex

Situated medially and centrally in the brain, the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) is a nexus of control. This specialized neocortical brain region participates in large-scale brain networks underlying attention, motor, and limbic processes. The functional diversity and proximity of cognitive and affective subdivisions within this region are its distinguishing features, rendering it an effective site for integration across domains. Here we review comparative neuroanatomic, meta-analytic, and connectomic analyses contributing to the emerging picture of the aMCC as comprising functionally diverse, flexible network nodes involved in multiple regulatory behaviors. We further present data providing evidence for an organizing gradient along the anterior and midcingulate cortex and explore the implications of these findings for understanding the functional role of the anterior midcingulate within this spectrum. We conclude by highlighting open questions and proposing future directions for investigations into the functional role of this important network convergence zone.