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Related Concept Videos

Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

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Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
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Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

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Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
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Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

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Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
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Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
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Chemically-blocked Antibody Microarray for Multiplexed High-throughput Profiling of Specific Protein Glycosylation in Complex Samples
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Glycated albumin.

Mustapha Zendjabil1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry. Oran University Hospital, Oran, Algeria; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oran 1, Oran, Algeria.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|November 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glycated albumin (GA) offers an alternative to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for monitoring long-term glucose control, especially in patients with conditions like kidney disease. This reliable method provides a shorter glycemic evaluation window, aiding diabetes management.

Keywords:
Diabetes mellitusEnzymatic assayGlycated albuminMonitoring

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Endocrinology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the standard for long-term glucose monitoring.
  • HbA1c is unsuitable for certain patient groups, including those with hemoglobinopathies, during pregnancy, or with chronic kidney disease.
  • Glycation of serum albumin (GA) affects its function and is implicated in diabetes complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight serum glycated albumin (GA) as a viable alternative to HbA1c for glucose monitoring.
  • To discuss the utility of GA measurement in specific clinical scenarios where HbA1c is not recommended.
  • To introduce a new enzymatic assay for GA quantification.

Main Methods:

  • Serum or plasma samples collected with lithium heparin or EDTA were used.
  • A new, rapid, sensitive, and adaptable enzymatic assay for GA quantification was employed.
  • The assay is suitable for routine clinical chemistry analyzers.

Main Results:

  • GA measurement provides an accurate assessment of glycemic control.
  • The enzymatic assay facilitates widespread adoption in research and clinical settings.
  • GA offers a glycemic evaluation period of approximately three weeks.

Conclusions:

  • Serum glycated albumin (GA) is a valuable alternative to HbA1c, particularly for patients with chronic kidney disease.
  • The new enzymatic assay enhances the accessibility and utility of GA testing.
  • GA testing aids in evaluating glycemic balance over a shorter, relevant timeframe for specific patient populations.