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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Functional Assessment of the Donor Heart During Ex Situ Perfusion: Insights from Pressure-Volume Loops and Surface Echocardiography
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Ventricular Flow Field Visualization During Mechanical Circulatory Support in the Assisted Isolated Beating Heart.

P Aigner1,2, M Schweiger3,4, K Fraser5

  • 1Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, AKH-4L, 1090, Vienna, Austria. philipp.aigner@meduniwien.ac.at.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|November 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Echocardiographic particle image velocimetry (Echo-PIV) visualized cardiac blood flow in an ex vivo model with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). This method revealed how LVAD support alters intraventricular flow and vortex formation.

Keywords:
Echocardiographic particle image velocimetryLeft ventricular assist deviceMechanical circulatory supportUltrasound velocimetry

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Investigating ventricular flow during mechanical circulatory support is challenging due to limitations of in vitro and in silico models.
  • Accurately replicating the heart's complex anatomy and contraction is crucial for understanding blood flow dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of echocardiographic particle image velocimetry (Echo-PIV) for visualizing and quantifying cardiac blood flow in an isolated working heart model with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD).
  • To analyze how different levels of LVAD support affect intraventricular flow patterns and hemodynamics.

Main Methods:

  • An isolated working heart setup was used with porcine hearts and implanted LVADs.
  • Microbubbles were injected, and echocardiographic images were acquired during unsupported, partial, and full LVAD support.
  • Iterative particle image velocimetry (PIV) algorithms were applied to calculate flow fields.

Main Results:

  • Echo-PIV successfully visualized and quantified cardiac blood flow patterns in an ex vivo model.
  • In unsupported hearts, diastolic flow was redirected towards the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT).
  • Increasing LVAD support suppressed vortex formation, directed flow into the pump cannula, and reduced velocities in the LVOT, revealing potential stagnation regions.

Conclusions:

  • Echo-PIV is a feasible method for evaluating intraventricular flow fields during LVAD support in an ex vivo setting.
  • The study provides novel insights into how LVADs alter cardiac hemodynamics.
  • This technique holds potential for clinical application in assessing flow patterns during mechanical circulatory support.