Neuroimaging of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Hydrocephalus

Since the clinical syndrome of progressive gait disturbance, urinary incontinence, and dementia in the setting of occult hydrocephalus responsive to cerebrospinal fuid (CSF) shunting was first reported in 1965, the existence of a potentially reversible cause for a form of a dementia illness has generated extensive clinical research and numerous clinical trials. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) continues to be a heavily debated clinical syndrome. This paper reviews guidelines and imaging findings most often associated with iNPH and the relationship of the neuroimaging findings to some of the theories for this complex syndrome.