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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

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A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
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Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Magnetic Fields

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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
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All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
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Nonlinear Magnetization Dynamics Driven by Strong Terahertz Fields.

Matthias Hudl1, Massimiliano d'Aquino2, Matteo Pancaldi1

  • 1Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

Physical Review Letters
|November 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-cycle terahertz pulses induce ultrafast magnetization dynamics in metallic films. Simulations reveal coherent precession, demagnetization, and relaxation, paving the way for novel nonlinear dynamics with terahertz sources.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Ultrafast magnetism
  • Terahertz science

Background:

  • Magnetization dynamics in thin metallic films are crucial for magnetic storage technologies.
  • Understanding ultrafast responses to external stimuli is key to developing advanced magnetic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally and numerically investigate magnetization dynamics in thin metallic films driven by single-cycle terahertz pulses.
  • To elucidate the distinct processes governing the ultrafast magnetic response.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental probing using femtosecond magneto-optical Kerr effect.
  • Numerical simulations employing macrospin models.
  • Application of high-amplitude, short-duration terahertz pulses (∼20 MV/m, ∼1 ps).

Main Results:

  • Observed magnetization dynamics comprise coherent precession around the terahertz magnetic field.
  • Ultrafast demagnetization alters film anisotropy on picosecond timescales.
  • Subsequent uniform precession around the effective field, relaxing via Gilbert damping on nanosecond timescales.
  • Macrospin simulations quantitatively reproduce experimental observations.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully models ultrafast magnetization dynamics induced by terahertz pulses.
  • Novel nonlinear magnetization dynamics regimes are predictable with current terahertz technology.
  • Findings offer pathways for advanced terahertz-driven magnetic applications.