Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Emission Spectra02:39

Emission Spectra

75.3K
When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
75.3K
Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

3.1K
In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
3.1K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.4K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.4K
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

56.3K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
56.3K
The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

The de Broglie Wavelength

32.7K
In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
32.7K
Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

4.3K
Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels.  Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
4.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Subexponential Decay of Local Correlations from Diffusion-Limited Dephasing.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Error Mitigation Thresholds in Noisy Random Quantum Circuits.

Physical review. B·2026
Same author

Magic entropy in hybrid spin-boson systems.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2026
Same author

Separate Surface and Bulk Topological Anderson Localization Transitions in Disordered Axion Insulators.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Conditional Mutual Information and Information-Theoretic Phases of Decohered Gibbs States.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Superdiffusive Transport in Chaotic Quantum Systems with Nodal Interactions.

Physical review letters·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.6K

Evolution of Entanglement Spectra under Generic Quantum Dynamics.

Po-Yao Chang1,2,3, Xiao Chen4, Sarang Gopalakrishnan5

  • 1Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.

Physical Review Letters
|November 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

We found isolated quantum systems approach equilibrium on three distinct timescales. The entanglement spectrum shows universal behavior, with random-matrix theory explaining local statistics but not global structure.

More Related Videos

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.9K
Author Spotlight: Exploring Light-Driven Chemical Reactions and Energy-Harnessing Devices in Photochemical Research
08:12

Author Spotlight: Exploring Light-Driven Chemical Reactions and Energy-Harnessing Devices in Photochemical Research

Published on: February 16, 2024

14.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.6K
A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.9K
Author Spotlight: Exploring Light-Driven Chemical Reactions and Energy-Harnessing Devices in Photochemical Research
08:12

Author Spotlight: Exploring Light-Driven Chemical Reactions and Energy-Harnessing Devices in Photochemical Research

Published on: February 16, 2024

14.7K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Condensed matter theory

Background:

  • Understanding the approach to equilibrium in isolated quantum systems is a fundamental challenge.
  • The entanglement spectrum provides insights into quantum correlations and system dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the early stages of equilibration in isolated quantum systems.
  • To investigate the role of the entanglement spectrum in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the evolution of the entanglement spectrum.
  • Examination of three distinct timescales governing spectral changes.
  • Comparison with random-matrix theory and thermal predictions.

Main Results:

  • Nearest-neighbor level repulsion emerges on an early, universal timescale.
  • A universal, scale-free 1/f form characterizes the density of states of the reduced density matrix between two critical timescales.
  • Entanglement saturates at a third, later timescale, with the spectrum compressing to a thermal Marchenko-Pastur form.

Conclusions:

  • The entanglement spectrum's evolution reveals distinct dynamical regimes in isolated quantum systems.
  • Random-matrix theory captures local entanglement statistics, but not global structure.
  • These findings are robust across various chaotic dynamics and quantum circuit models.