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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

3.0K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
6.2K
Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
4.9K
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
2.7K
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
3.6K

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Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus and Cartilage Scratch Murine Model of Accelerated Osteoarthritis
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Meniscus Form and Function.

Alexander R Markes1, Jonathan D Hodax1, Chunbong Benjamin Ma1

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 1500 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Clinics in Sports Medicine
|November 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The menisci are crucial knee structures that absorb shock and improve joint stability. Understanding their anatomy and composition is vital for treating injuries and restoring function.

Keywords:
AnatomyFormFunctionKneeLoad transmissionMeniscus

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Knee Anatomy

Background:

  • The menisci are fibrocartilaginous structures in the knee joint.
  • They possess unique biochemical and structural properties for force conversion and shock absorption.
  • The medial meniscus has more attachments, increasing its injury risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the anatomical and biochemical characteristics of the menisci.
  • To establish the relationship between meniscal structure and function.
  • To provide a foundation for understanding meniscal pathology and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of gross anatomical features.
  • Analysis of vascular supply.
  • Examination of biochemical composition.
  • Study of microstructural organization.

Main Results:

  • Menisci convert compressive to tensile forces.
  • They enhance joint congruity and shock absorption.
  • Differential attachments of medial and lateral menisci influence injury susceptibility.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive understanding of meniscal anatomy, vascularity, biochemistry, and microstructure is essential.
  • This knowledge aids in diagnosing meniscal pathology.
  • It informs treatment strategies for functional restoration.