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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

442
Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
442
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

405
Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
405
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

325
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
325
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

261
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
261
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

402
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
402
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

282
Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
282

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Sinus tachycardia with atrioventricular block: an unusual presentation during neurocardiogenic (vasovagal) syncope.

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A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo
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Risk Stratification for Sudden Cardiac Death in Non-Ischaemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

M Akhtar1, P M Elliott2

  • 1Cardiology clinical research fellow, University College London, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Paul O'Gorman building, 72 Huntley street, London, WC1E 6AG, UK.

Current Cardiology Reports
|November 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) risk stratification for sudden cardiac death (SCD) needs improvement beyond current guidelines. Research is exploring genetic and other biomarkers for personalized implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) decisions.

Keywords:
Dilated cardiomyopathyGeneticsImplantable cardioverter-defibrillatorSudden cardiac death

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • Non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) affects 1 in 2500 individuals, carrying significant morbidity and mortality risks.
  • Current guidelines recommend implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) for sudden cardiac death (SCD) prevention in DCM patients with LVEF ≤35%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on potential markers beyond LVEF for optimizing SCD risk stratification in non-ischaemic DCM.
  • To highlight novel biomarkers and multi-parametric models for personalized ICD implantation decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of serological, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, cardiac magnetic resonance, ambulatory ECG, and genetic data.
  • Analysis of recent studies, including the DANISH trial and pooled genetic DCM cohorts.
  • Examination of risk-stratification algorithms and disease progression models.

Main Results:

  • The DANISH trial questioned the mortality benefit of ICDs in non-ischaemic DCM.
  • Genetic testing identified specific mutations (e.g., LMNA, FLNC, RBM20) associated with increased SCD risk.
  • Current risk models are often static and use heterogeneous patient subsets, hindering accurate prognostication.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized SCD risk stratification in non-ischaemic DCM requires moving beyond static LVEF thresholds.
  • Integrating genetic aetiology and time-dependent multi-parametric models with novel biomarkers is crucial.
  • This approach aims to refine ICD implantation strategies for improved patient outcomes.