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A Simulated Microgravity Environment Causes a Sustained Defect in Epithelial Barrier Function.

Rocio Alvarez1,2, Cheryl A Stork1,3, Anica Sayoc-Becerra1

  • 1Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.

Scientific Reports
|November 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Simulated microgravity weakens intestinal epithelial barrier function, making it more susceptible to damage from agents like acetaldehyde. This impacts astronaut gut health in space and upon return to Earth.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastrointestinal physiology
  • Space biology
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) form a critical barrier against pathogens and ingested substances.
  • Microgravity is known to impair immune function and increase pathogen virulence.
  • The impact of microgravity on epithelial barrier integrity remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if simulated microgravity affects intestinal epithelial barrier function (permeability).
  • To determine if microgravity exposure increases susceptibility to barrier-disrupting agents.

Main Methods:

  • Intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29.cl19a) were cultured in simulated microgravity using a rotating wall vessel (RWV) for 18 days.
  • Barrier function was assessed by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and FITC-dextran (FD4) permeability.
  • Effects of acetaldehyde on barrier function were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Simulated microgravity delayed the localization of tight junction proteins (occludin, ZO-1) in RWV cells.
  • Acetaldehyde significantly reduced TER and ZO-1 localization while increasing FD4 permeability in RWV cells compared to controls.
  • RWV cells exhibited sustained susceptibility to barrier disruption after microgravity exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Simulated microgravity induces a lasting vulnerability in intestinal epithelial barrier function.
  • This compromised barrier function has significant implications for astronaut gastrointestinal health during spaceflight and after returning to Earth.
  • Astronauts may have a reduced capacity to resist agents that disrupt the intestinal epithelial barrier.