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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Building Better Batteries in the Solid State: A Review.

Alain Mauger1, Christian M Julien1, Andrea Paolella2

  • 1Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, UMR-CNRS 7590, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solid-state batteries offer improved safety over liquid electrolytes by preventing dendrite formation. Recent advancements address lower ionic conductivity, paving the way for their future dominance in energy storage applications.

Keywords:
Li-air batteriesLi-ion batteriesLi–S batteriesNa-ion batteriesall-solid-state batteriesceramicsfast-ion conductorspolymerssolid electrolytes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Commercial lithium batteries use liquid electrolytes, posing fire risks, while solid-state alternatives face dendrite formation challenges.
  • Previous reviews highlighted progress in solid-state lithium metal batteries, predicting their future resurgence.
  • A key limitation of solid-state batteries is the lower ionic conductivity of their electrolytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in solid electrolytes for solid-state batteries.
  • To present the current state-of-the-art in solid electrolyte research.
  • To examine various electrolyte types, including those with small liquid additions and gel polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of recent research on solid electrolytes.
  • Analysis of different solid electrolyte chemistries and their performance.
  • Consideration of hybrid solid-liquid electrolyte systems.
  • Inclusion of emerging battery chemistries like sodium-ion.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in overcoming the low ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes.
  • Hybrid electrolytes, including gel polymers and those with minimal liquid additives, show promise for improved contact and safety.
  • Research encompasses various chemistries, including lithium-air, lithium-oxygen, lithium-sulfur, and sodium-ion batteries.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-state batteries are nearing a point where they can outperform liquid-based batteries due to safety and recent conductivity improvements.
  • Further research is needed to address the remaining challenges toward the commercialization of advanced solid-state battery technologies.
  • The review provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments and future directions in solid electrolyte research for next-generation batteries.