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Related Concept Videos

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Cultivate Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells from Children and Reprogram into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Epigenetics in Asthma.

Jose L Gomez1

  • 1Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. jose.gomez-villalobos@yale.edu.

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|November 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA methylation signatures are linked to childhood asthma and allergic inflammation. Further research into epigenetic mechanisms and histone modifications is needed for a comprehensive understanding of asthma pathogenesis.

Keywords:
AsthmaAsthma riskChildhood asthmaEndotypeEpigeneticsMethylation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory disease associated with significant morbidity.
  • The role of epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation, in asthma pathogenesis is not fully understood.
  • Existing research provides a partial understanding of the causal relationships between asthma and epigenetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review human studies on epigenetic mechanisms in asthma.
  • To focus specifically on the role of DNA methylation in childhood asthma.
  • To highlight areas for future research in asthma epigenetics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on human epigenetic studies in asthma.
  • Emphasis on studies investigating DNA methylation patterns.
  • Analysis of findings related to childhood asthma and allergic inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic studies have identified specific DNA methylation signatures in childhood asthma.
  • These signatures are associated with allergic inflammation in airway and immune cells.
  • DNA methylation plays a regulatory role in asthma development.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methylation is implicated in asthma pathogenesis, especially in childhood.
  • Further research is required on epigenetic mechanisms underlying asthma endotypes and histone modifications.
  • Integrating data from well-phenotyped cohorts will advance the study of asthma epigenetics.