Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

1.3K
Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
1.3K
Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

5.2K
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
5.2K
Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

11.4K
The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
11.4K
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

8.6K
The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...
8.6K
Electrodes: Overview01:17

Electrodes: Overview

2.5K
 Electrochemical measurements are conducted in an electrochemical cell composed of various components that control and measure the current and potential. One fundamental component is electrodes, conductive materials that enable electron transfer reactions at their surfaces.
There are two main types of electrodes in electrochemical cells. The first type, known as the working or indicator electrode, has a potential that is sensitive to the analyte's concentration and reacts to changes in...
2.5K
Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

5.4K
Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials
5.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Automatic water-level measurement system for confined-space applications.

The Review of scientific instruments·2021
Same author

A modified self-tuning fuzzy logic temperature controller for metal induction heating.

The Review of scientific instruments·2020
Same author

Analyzing the audio signals of degenerative arthritis with an electronic stethoscope.

The Review of scientific instruments·2018
Same author

Magnetic induction of hyperthermia by a modified self-learning fuzzy temperature controller.

The Review of scientific instruments·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Bidirectional Electrical and Optoelectronic Interfaces in Healthy and Ischemic Ex Vivo Rat Hearts
08:33

Bidirectional Electrical and Optoelectronic Interfaces in Healthy and Ischemic Ex Vivo Rat Hearts

Published on: July 18, 2025

726

Two-electrode-pair electrocardiogram with no common ground between two pairs.

Hsin-Yen Hsieh1, Ching-Hsing Luo2, Jhong-Wun Ye1

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|November 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel two-electrode electrocardiogram (ECG) method, eliminating the need for a reference electrode. This innovation simplifies ECG measurements and enables the development of portable, wireless ECG devices.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Epimysial Electrode Fabrication and Testing in ACL Injury Studies
04:48

Author Spotlight: Epimysial Electrode Fabrication and Testing in ACL Injury Studies

Published on: April 12, 2024

825
Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function
05:03

Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function

Published on: December 11, 2019

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Bidirectional Electrical and Optoelectronic Interfaces in Healthy and Ischemic Ex Vivo Rat Hearts
08:33

Bidirectional Electrical and Optoelectronic Interfaces in Healthy and Ischemic Ex Vivo Rat Hearts

Published on: July 18, 2025

726
Author Spotlight: Epimysial Electrode Fabrication and Testing in ACL Injury Studies
04:48

Author Spotlight: Epimysial Electrode Fabrication and Testing in ACL Injury Studies

Published on: April 12, 2024

825
Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function
05:03

Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function

Published on: December 11, 2019

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Devices
  • Physiological Monitoring

Background:

  • Conventional electrocardiogram (ECG) systems utilize three electrodes, including a reference electrode, which can lead to interconnected amplifier grounds across the body.
  • This interconnection poses an inconvenience and potential limitations in certain applications, particularly for portable or wireless monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a simplified two-electrode ECG measurement method.
  • To eliminate the need for a dedicated reference electrode, thereby reducing system complexity and potential grounding issues.
  • To facilitate the development of more convenient and portable ECG devices.

Main Methods:

  • A novel two-electrode configuration was implemented, replacing the traditional reference electrode with common electrodes.
  • Independent power supplies and unconnected grounds were utilized for the amplifier circuits to prevent signal interference.
  • Electrophysiological signals were detected by the two electrodes, passed through isolation amplifiers, and then processed by an instrumentation amplifier filter to generate ECG waveforms.

Main Results:

  • The proposed two-electrode method successfully generated ECG signal waveforms corresponding to Leads I to III.
  • The generated Lead I waveforms closely resembled those obtained using conventional reference electrodes.
  • The experimental setup demonstrated the feasibility of acquiring ECG signals without a dedicated reference electrode.

Conclusions:

  • The developed two-electrode ECG measurement technique effectively captures cardiac electrical activity.
  • This method offers a viable alternative to traditional three-electrode systems, simplifying hardware requirements.
  • The approach paves the way for the creation of advanced wireless and portable ECG devices, enhancing patient mobility and monitoring accessibility.