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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

449
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

849
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Author Spotlight: Optimizing CFU Determination for Efficient Assessment of TB Vaccine Efficacy and Antigen Presentation Analysis
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[New vaccines against tuberculosis].

Stefan H E Kaufmann1,2

  • 1Abteilung Immunologie, Max-Planck-Institut für Infektionsbiologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland. kaufmann@mpiib-berlin.mpg.de.

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz
|December 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global threat, necessitating improved interventions beyond the partially effective BCG vaccine. New TB vaccines are crucial for pre- and post-exposure use, targeting T cell responses to prevent infection, disease, and recurrence.

Keywords:
BCGPrevention of diseasePrevention of infectionTuberculosisVaccination

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) caused 1.5 million deaths in 2018, with 10 million active cases.
  • Current interventions, including the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, are insufficient to meet WHO goals.
  • The BCG vaccine offers limited protection against pulmonary TB in adolescents and adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of tuberculosis vaccine development.
  • To highlight the need for novel vaccination strategies to combat TB.
  • To discuss the focus on T cell responses in TB vaccine research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on TB vaccines and clinical trials.
  • Analysis of the limitations of current TB interventions.
  • Exploration of new vaccine candidates and therapeutic vaccination approaches.

Main Results:

  • New TB vaccine candidates are under clinical evaluation.
  • Vaccines are being developed for both pre- and post-exposure administration.
  • Therapeutic vaccination is being explored as an adjunct to drug therapy for multidrug-resistant TB.

Conclusions:

  • A single vaccine may not suffice for all TB indications; diverse strategies are required.
  • Future TB vaccines must elicit protective T cell responses.
  • Continued research and development are essential to achieve global TB control targets.