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The Effect of Preterm Birth on Renal Development and Renal Health Outcome

Amanda Dyson1,2, Alison L Kent3

  • 1Centenary Hospital for Women and Children and Department of Neonatology, Canberra Hospital, Woden, Australia.

Neoreviews
|December 4, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Preterm birth survivors face long-term kidney health risks, including chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Early interventions and lifelong care are crucial for preserving kidney function and improving outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Neonatology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Preterm birth is linked to significant renal health issues later in life, such as hypertension and chronic kidney disease.
  • Reduced functional nephron mass in preterm infants contributes to adverse long-term kidney outcomes, including end-stage renal failure.
  • Healthcare professionals need increased awareness of kidney health risks for preterm populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review antenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors influencing functional nephron mass.
  • To explore strategies for improving long-term kidney outcomes in preterm individuals.
  • To identify research gaps in understanding adult kidney health of preterm survivors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of factors affecting nephron mass.
  • Analysis of antenatal, perinatal, and postnatal influences on kidney development.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on long-term renal outcomes in preterm populations.

Main Results:

  • Various factors before, during, and after birth impact the development of functional nephron mass.
  • Optimizing maternal health, NICU care, and lifelong kidney protection are key to better outcomes.
  • Significant research is needed on the long-term adult kidney health of preterm survivors.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm birth poses lifelong renal health challenges.
  • Interventions during pregnancy, neonatal care, and throughout life can mitigate kidney damage.
  • Further research is essential to develop strategies for improving ex utero nephrogenesis and long-term kidney health in preterm individuals.

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