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Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
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Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
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High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)01:15

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

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The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For...
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MINIATURIZATION IN MASS SPECTROMETRY.

Przemyslaw Mielczarek1,2, Jerzy Silberring1,3, Marek Smoluch1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.

Mass Spectrometry Reviews
|December 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Miniature mass spectrometers are advancing rapidly, offering portable, cost-effective solutions for diverse fields. This review highlights recent developments and applications of these compact analytical instruments.

Keywords:
chromatographyhand-heldhyphenated techniquesmass spectrometerminiatureminiaturizationportable

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Instrument Development

Background:

  • Continuous miniaturization of mass spectrometry is a persistent trend.
  • Demand for portable, affordable, and high-performance instruments is growing across various sectors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in miniature mass spectrometer technology.
  • To present selected applications of these portable devices.
  • To discuss future development perspectives.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent developments in miniature mass spectrometry.
  • Compilation of current applications in industry, science, and forensics.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in developing smaller, cheaper, and more capable mass spectrometers.
  • Numerous applications demonstrate the utility of these portable instruments.

Conclusions:

  • Miniature mass spectrometers are becoming increasingly viable for a wide range of applications.
  • Continued innovation is expected to further enhance the capabilities and accessibility of these devices.