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Calcification Microstructure Reflects Breast Tissue Microenvironment.

Sarah Gosling1, Robert Scott2, Charlene Greenwood3

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|December 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Breast calcifications reveal malignancy indicators within their crystal structure. Microenvironment factors influence hydroxyapatite crystal size and strain, aiding early disease detection and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Breast CancerCalcificationCarbonateHydroxyapatiteX-ray diffraction

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Area of Science:

  • Biomineralization
  • Materials Science
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Breast microcalcifications are key diagnostic indicators.
  • Tissue microenvironments (pH, metabolism) differ between normal and cancerous cells.
  • Calcification microstructure varies with pathology, including ion substitutions and crystallographic phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if microenvironment features are preserved in calcification crystallite characteristics.
  • To establish calcification crystallite properties as potential indicators of breast tissue pathology.
  • To correlate crystallite size and strain with benign, in situ, and invasive malignancy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 55 breast calcifications from 3 pathologies (benign, ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive malignancy).
  • Utilized X-ray diffraction on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded core needle biopsies.
  • Employed Williamson-Hall analysis to determine crystallite size and strain from 548 diffractograms.

Main Results:

  • Increased hydroxyapatite crystallinity observed with increasing malignancy.
  • Coherence length significantly correlated with pathology grade (P < 0.01) in all crystallographic directions.
  • Crystallite size and non-uniform strain normal to basal planes increased significantly with malignancy (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Tissue microenvironments influence hydroxyapatite formation mechanisms, impacting crystallite characteristics.
  • Differential carbonate substitution in hydroxyapatite is linked to malignancy.
  • Calcification crystallite size and strain serve as indicators of breast tissue pathology.