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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
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A silicon quantum-dot-coupled nuclear spin qubit.

Bas Hensen1,2, Wister Wei Huang1, Chih-Hwan Yang1

  • 1Center for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

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|December 11, 2019
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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate controlling single nuclear spins in silicon quantum dots using electron interactions. This breakthrough enables long-range entanglement for scalable quantum computing.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Single nuclear spins are promising for quantum computing due to long coherence times and controllability.
  • Existing methods struggle with long-range interactions between solid-state qubits.
  • Quantum dots offer tunable coupling and scalability but typically have weak hyperfine interactions for nuclear spin control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of controlling single 29Si nuclear spins in silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor quantum dots.
  • To leverage hyperfine interactions for initializing, reading out, and controlling nuclear spins.
  • To explore the potential for scalable quantum computing architectures using quantum dots.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electrons in silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor quantum dots to mediate hyperfine interactions.
  • Demonstrated high-fidelity projective readout and control of individual 29Si nuclear spins.
  • Performed entanglement operations between nuclear and electron spins.

Main Results:

  • Established sufficient hyperfine interaction in silicon quantum dots to control single 29Si nuclear spins.
  • Achieved high-fidelity initialization, readout, and control of the nuclear spin qubit.
  • Demonstrated entanglement between nuclear and electron spins, with both retaining coherence during electron transport between dots.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear spins in silicon quantum dots are a viable and powerful resource for quantum processing.
  • The demonstrated control and entanglement pave the way for long-range nuclear-nuclear entanglement via electron shuttling.
  • This approach combines the benefits of nuclear spin coherence with the scalability of quantum dot systems for future quantum computers.