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Blemish Formation in Processed Microfilm II.

Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry·2020
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Blemish Formation in Processed Microfilm.

C I Pope1

  • 1Institute for Basic Standards, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234.

Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and Chemistry
|December 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Paper storage cartons can cause microfilm blemishes by releasing chemicals that react with image silver. Testing procedures were developed to identify susceptible microfilm and storage materials, preventing image degradation.

Keywords:
Archival record filmblemishes due to agingcolloidal silvermicrofilmmicrofilm storage cartonspermanent record filmperoxides

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Area of Science:

  • Archival science
  • Material science
  • Photographic science

Background:

  • Oxidizing and reducing agents from paper cartons can degrade microfilm images.
  • Chemical reactions between storage materials and silver images lead to blemish formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate factors influencing microfilm blemish formation.
  • To identify the role of storage carton composition and processing chemicals.
  • To develop a method for assessing microfilm susceptibility to blemishes.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of processed microfilm to peroxide paper and various storage conditions.
  • Analysis of chemical agents evolved by storage cartons (formaldehyde, formic acid, ammonia).
  • Correlation analysis between blemish incidence and storage carton brands.
  • Development of a susceptibility testing procedure for processed microfilm.

Main Results:

  • Washing microfilm in distilled or chlorine-free water did not prevent blemishes when exposed to peroxide paper.
  • A trace of silver chloride augmented blemish formation, while high concentrations inhibited it.
  • Storage cartons releasing formaldehyde, formic acid, and ammonia created a favorable environment for blemishes.
  • A correlation was observed between specific paper storage carton brands and blemish incidence.

Conclusions:

  • Microfilm blemish formation is influenced by storage carton chemistry and residual processing chemicals.
  • The presence of peroxide in storage materials accelerates the degradation of silver images.
  • A practical testing procedure can predict microfilm susceptibility to blemish formation, aiding archival preservation.