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Related Concept Videos

Carbonation Shrinkage01:24

Carbonation Shrinkage

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Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
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Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
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Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
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CO2-Gas-Responsive Liquid Marble.

Shotaro Yukioka1, Junya Fujiwara, Makoto Okada

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|December 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liquid marbles made with poly(2-N,N-diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDiPAEMA) float on neutral water but disintegrate in acidic conditions. Carbon dioxide gas triggers this disintegration by acidifying the water surface.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Liquid marbles are droplet-based systems stabilized by powders.
  • Poly(2-N,N-diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDiPAEMA) is a polymer with pH-responsive properties.
  • Understanding the stability of liquid marbles is crucial for their applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pH-dependent stability of liquid marbles stabilized by PDiPAEMA.
  • To explore the potential of PDiPAEMA-stabilized liquid marbles as sensors for acidic environments or CO2.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of liquid marbles using water and nonprotonated hydrophobic PDiPAEMA powder.
  • Observation of liquid marble behavior on aqueous surfaces with varying pH.
  • Exposure of liquid marbles to CO2 gas and monitoring of their structural integrity.

Main Results:

  • Nonprotonated PDiPAEMA is hydrophobic, enabling liquid marble formation.
  • PDiPAEMA becomes hydrophilic upon protonation in acidic conditions.
  • Liquid marbles float on neutral to basic water but disintegrate rapidly in acidic water.
  • Exposure to CO2 gas causes liquid marble disintegration due to induced acidity.

Conclusions:

  • PDiPAEMA-stabilized liquid marbles exhibit pH-dependent stability.
  • The disintegration in acidic conditions and response to CO2 suggest potential sensing applications.
  • This study highlights the tunable properties of PDiPAEMA for controlling liquid marble behavior.