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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Philosophy of Mind
  • Epistemology

Background:

  • Contemporary debates question the definition of inferential reasoning in high-level cognition.
  • Key issues include cognitive penetration and the epistemic status of non-conscious cognition.
  • Understanding the role of conscious awareness in justification is central.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an account of inferential-attention to explain cognitive penetration.
  • To demonstrate how non-conscious processes can be essential components of high-level cognition.
  • To establish the epistemic standard for inference to be considered justificatory.

Main Methods:

  • Develops a theoretical framework for inference and rational thought.
  • Articulates the inferential-attention account, focusing on agential interpretation.
  • Compares the proposed account with conscious intuition-based models of inference.

Main Results:

  • The inferential-attention account explains cognitive penetration of non-phenomenally conscious cognition.
  • It demonstrates that unconscious processes can be integral to high-level cognition.
  • An agential interpretation of inferential-attention resolves tensions between different approaches to inference.

Conclusions:

  • Inferential-attention provides a robust account of epistemic responsibility and rationality.
  • This framework supports the significance of non-phenomenally conscious inferential reasoning in higher cognition.
  • The agency condition, identified with attention, ensures inferences are controlled and responsive to evidence.