Genetic Associations with Aging Muscle: A Systematic Review
Jedd Pratt1,2, Colin Boreham1, Sean Ennis2,3
1Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Cells
|December 22, 2019
Summary
Genetic factors influence age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia). This review identified key gene variants, including ACTN3, ACE, and VDR, associated with muscle phenotypes, aiding understanding of sarcopenia
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Gerontology
- Physiology
Background:
- Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in skeletal muscle, is linked to adverse health outcomes.
- Skeletal muscle traits are heritable, but specific genetic underpinnings remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review genetic variants associated with muscle phenotypes relevant to sarcopenia.
- To identify key genes and DNA polymorphisms linked to age-related muscle loss.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science (2004-2019).
- Inclusion of candidate gene and genome-wide association studies in adults aged ≥50 years.
- Analysis of 54 studies, examining 26 genes and 88 DNA polymorphisms.
Main Results:
- ACTN3, ACE, and VDR were frequently studied genes.
- IGF1/IGFBP3, TNFα, APOE, CNTF/R, and UCP2/3 genes showed significant associations in multiple studies.
- Ten specific DNA polymorphisms were significantly associated with muscle phenotypes in two or more studies.
Conclusions:
- This review identifies significant genetic variants associated with muscle phenotypes relevant to sarcopenia.
- Understanding these genetic associations contributes to elucidating the genetic basis of sarcopenia.
Related Concept Videos
01:19The Effect of Aging on Tissues
3.1K
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
3.1K
01:37Mitochondria
19.4K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
19.4K
01:26Aging
537
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
537
01:28Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle
1.6K
The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
1.6K
01:29Bone Disorders
5.0K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
5.0K
01:27Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age
157
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
157