Modifications in the cellular proteome and their clinical application

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are covalent modifications in proteins during or after their synthesis. Among them, the best known are phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, and also cleavage or binding of small peptides (ubiquitination, SUMOylation and NEDDylation). Often the protein is modified in multiple sites and these modifications are coordinated generating a PTMs crosstalk. Altered patterns of PTMs have been related to several pathologies. Currently, advances in mass spectrometry have made it possible to study multiple PTMs simultaneously. Oncology is one of the disciplines that incorporated these technologies for the need to better characterize tumors. In cancer, several alterations related to the ubiquitinlike PTMs have been described, such as SUMOylation. In particular, the interaction between different PTMs with SUMOylation has been studied in the context of the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) multitumoral syndrome, generating new putative biomarkers for the evolution of these tumors. RSUME or RWDD3, an enhancer of SUMOylation that acts on VHL and HIF proteins, shows a correlation with malignant parameters in this type of tumors, such as angiogenesis. Regulators of PTMs are becoming relevant as biomarkers in cancer.