Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 1, 2026

11:08
Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis
Published on: June 19, 2018
10.1K
DNA Modification Readers and Writers and Their Interplay
Cathia Rausch1, Florian D Hastert1, M Cristina Cardoso1
1Cell Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
Journal of Molecular Biology
|December 24, 2019
Summary
DNA modifications alter the DNA helix structure. This review examines cytosine modifications, their enzymes, and reader proteins, highlighting their role in genome composition and stability.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Epigenetics
Background:
- Genomic DNA undergoes postreplicative modifications.
- Enzymes and reader proteins for DNA modifications are known.
- The impact of DNA modifications on DNA helix structure requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the impact of DNA modifications on the DNA helix.
- To explore the writers and readers of cytosine modifications.
- To understand how these modifications influence genome composition, stability, and function.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on DNA modifications.
- Analysis of enzymes involved in DNA modification.
- Examination of proteins that read DNA modifications.
Main Results:
- DNA modifications significantly impact DNA helix structure.
- Cytosine modifications and their associated writer/reader proteins play crucial roles.
- These interactions are key to shaping genome composition, stability, and function.
Conclusions:
- Understanding DNA modification interplay is vital for genome stability.
- Cytosine modification pathways are central to genome regulation.
- Further research into DNA modification dynamics can reveal new therapeutic targets.
Related Concept Videos
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
9.2K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
Writers
The writer...
9.2K
Histone Modification
15.8K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
15.8K
Proofreading
8.5K
Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore, it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase...
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase...
8.5K
Proofreading
59.5K
Overview
59.5K
Mismatch Repair
43.4K
Overview
43.4K
Mismatch Repair
6.2K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
6.2K

