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Data validation is an essential part of a comprehensive assessment. Validation is confirming or verifying and opening the door to gathering more assessment data as it clarifies vague or unclear data. The process of checking and verifying the collected information is called data validation. The primary purpose of data validation is to ensure data is as free from error, bias, and misinterpretation as possible.
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Design and Content Validation of Three Setting-Specific Assessment Tools for Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences.

Eric H Gilliam1, Jason M Brunner1, Wesley Nuffer1

  • 1University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
|December 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Three new assessment tools effectively measure student performance in advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs). Validation through job-task analysis and performance metrics confirmed their utility for pharmacy education.

Keywords:
assessmentcompetency-based educationexperiential educationvalidation

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Education
  • Clinical Assessment
  • Experiential Learning

Background:

  • Accurate assessment of student performance in clinical settings is crucial for advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs).
  • Existing assessment tools may not adequately capture student competency in diverse APPE environments.
  • Development of validated tools is necessary to ensure consistent and reliable evaluation of pharmacy students.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate three distinct assessment tools for evaluating student performance during APPEs.
  • To ensure these tools are applicable and reliable across various clinical pharmacy settings.
  • To provide pharmacy programs with effective instruments for student evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Subject-matter experts developed assessment tools, incorporating job-task analysis by external APPE preceptors.
  • Tool validation included evaluating item importance, frequency, applicability, and student achievement.
  • A two-step grade verification process was implemented to determine preceptor acceptance.

Main Results:

  • Job-task analysis involved 131 preceptors, with items scoring between 1.08 and 11.83.
  • Mean item applicability ranged from 91.3% to 94.1% across 849 student assessments.
  • Preceptors accepted the tool-generated grades in 94% of assessments.

Conclusions:

  • Data support the effective design and use of three unique APPE setting-specific student assessment tools.
  • The validation strategies provide evidence of the tools' reliability and applicability.
  • Pharmacy programs can utilize these methodologies to develop and validate their own assessment tools.