[A Case of Pediatric C1 Dysplasia with Ruptured Aneurysm in Collateral Plexiform Arterial Network]

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Vascular Surgery
• Pediatric Neurosurgery

Background:

• Subarachnoid hemorrhage in children is rare and often associated with vascular malformations.
• Internal carotid artery (ICA) dysplasia, particularly at the C1 segment, is an uncommon cause of intracranial aneurysms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a case of pediatric C1 dysplasia presenting as a saccular aneurysm.
• To discuss the diagnostic and treatment challenges of this rare condition.
• To explore the potential mechanisms of aneurysm recurrence.

Main Methods:

• Case presentation of a 3-year-old girl with subarachnoid hemorrhage.
• Diagnostic imaging including Head CT and digital subtraction angiography (DSA).
• Interventional treatment with coil embolization and follow-up assessment.

Main Results:

• DSA revealed right ICA C1 segment dysplasia with a collateral plexiform arterial network forming a saccular aneurysm.
• Successful initial coil embolization resulted in no neurological deficit.
• Recurrence of the aneurysm was observed four months post-procedure.

Conclusions:

• C1 dysplasia can lead to complex intracranial aneurysms in pediatric patients.
• Hemodynamic forces and the nature of collateral networks may contribute to aneurysm recurrence after embolization.
• Further research into the pathophysiology and long-term management of these rare aneurysms is warranted.