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Cytotoxic Sesquiterpenes from Sonchus oleraceus
Hongying Zhang1, Yiding Wang2, Shaojiu Wang1
1Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
|January 3, 2020
Summary
Two new sesquiterpenes were isolated from Sonchus oleraceus. One compound selectively suppressed lung and airway cell viability and induced apoptosis via the Bax/caspase-9 pathway.
Area of Science:
- Phytochemistry
- Natural Products Chemistry
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Sonchus oleraceus, a globally distributed plant, is recognized for its edible properties and traditional medicinal uses.
- Despite its widespread use, scientific investigation into its bioactive chemical constituents remains limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To isolate and identify novel bioactive compounds from Sonchus oleraceus.
- To evaluate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of isolated compounds on human cancer cell lines.
Main Methods:
- Extraction and isolation of compounds from Sonchus oleraceus using various chromatographic techniques (silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, HPLC).
- Structural elucidation of isolated compounds using NMR and HR-ESIMS.
- Assessment of cell viability (MTT assay) and apoptosis induction in A549, H292, and Caco2 cell lines.
Main Results:
- Two new sesquiterpenes, compounds 1 and 2, were successfully isolated and identified.
- Compound 1 demonstrated selective cytotoxicity against A549 (IC50 = 14.2 μM) and H292 (IC50 = 19.5 μM) cells, inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.
- Compound 1 modulated apoptosis-related proteins, including increased cleaved caspase-3, decreased procaspase-3, downregulated Bcl-2, and upregulated Bax, cytochrome c, and caspase-9.
Conclusions:
- The study successfully identified two new sesquiterpenes from Sonchus oleraceus.
- Compound 1 exhibits potent apoptosis-inducing activity in lung and airway cancer cells through the Bax/caspase-9 signaling pathway, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent.
