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The changing face of paediatric diabetes
Amy S Shah1,2, Kristen J Nadeau3,4
1University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, USA. amy.shah@cchmc.org.
Diabetologia
|January 4, 2020
Summary
Paediatric diabetes (type 1 and type 2) is increasing, making diagnosis challenging. This review covers updates on epidemiology, presentation, complications, and emerging treatments for better management in youth.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Paediatrics
- Metabolic Diseases
Background:
- Paediatric diabetes, encompassing both type 1 and type 2, is experiencing a notable rise globally.
- Increasing youth obesity rates complicate the differentiation between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, impacting clinical decisions.
- Understanding the evolving landscape of paediatric diabetes is crucial for effective management and research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive update on the current state of paediatric type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
- To review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, comorbidities, and complications associated with these conditions in children and adolescents.
- To discuss current and emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at improving glycaemic control and quality of life.
Main Methods:
- This is a review article, synthesizing existing research and clinical data.
- Focuses on recent findings regarding the epidemiology and pathophysiology of paediatric diabetes.
- Examines clinical manifestations, associated health issues, and treatment advancements.
Main Results:
- Differentiating between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in youth is increasingly difficult due to rising obesity.
- Paediatric diabetes presents unique challenges in terms of pathophysiology, comorbidities, and long-term complications.
- Novel treatments are being developed to optimize glycaemic control, manage weight, and reduce complications.
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment are essential for managing the growing burden of paediatric diabetes.
- Continued research into pathophysiology and novel therapies is critical for improving outcomes.
- Addressing obesity is paramount in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes in children.
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