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Related Concept Videos

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Gross Anatomy of the Liver01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Liver

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The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
Located under the diaphragm, the liver is almost entirely ensconced within the rib cage, providing it with substantial protection. Except for the superior most bare area, the liver's surface is...
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Hepatic Portal System01:21

Hepatic Portal System

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The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
At its core, the hepatic portal vein is the result of a confluence of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins along with the splenic vein. Each of these veins has a unique role. The superior mesenteric vein is...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

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Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
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Erratum.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Implementation of Non-invasive Point of Care Transient Elastography for Evaluation of Liver Disease in Pediatric Populations with Cystic Fibrosis
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Implementation of Non-invasive Point of Care Transient Elastography for Evaluation of Liver Disease in Pediatric Populations with Cystic Fibrosis

Published on: August 29, 2025

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OPTN/SRTR 2018 Annual Data Report: Liver.

A Kwong1, W R Kim1,2, J R Lake1,3

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.

American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons
|January 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In 2018, US liver transplants increased, with more patients on the waitlist. Despite rising recipient complexity, graft survival improved, while hepatitis C cases declined.

Keywords:
Liver transplantallocationdistributionwaiting list

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Transplant Surgery
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Adult liver transplant waitlist registrants and procedures saw continued growth in 2018.
  • The transplant rate per 100 waitlist-years increased, indicating improved access.
  • Hepatitis C-related liver transplant indications significantly declined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in adult and pediatric liver transplantation in the US in 2018.
  • To examine changes in waitlist dynamics, donor liver utilization, and recipient characteristics.
  • To assess graft and patient survival outcomes in the context of evolving transplant criteria.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 2018 US liver transplant data.
  • Examination of waitlist registration, transplant volume, and transplant rates.
  • Comparison of recipient demographics, disease indications, and survival outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Adult liver transplants increased to 8,250, with 11,844 new registrants.
  • Alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease indications rose; hepatitis C indications fell.
  • Graft survival improved despite recipients being older, more obese, and having diabetes.
  • Pediatric liver transplants remained stable, with increased acuity and improved survival.
  • Variability in transplant rates persisted across race, geography, and clinical status.

Conclusions:

  • US liver transplantation continues to grow, adapting to changing disease etiologies.
  • Improved graft and patient survival are being achieved despite increasing recipient complexity.
  • Pediatric liver transplant recipients face higher acuity, yet outcomes are improving.