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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Voice and Vocal Fold Condition Following Short-Term General Anesthesia: A Prospective Study.

Jan Wouter Brunings1, Sophie Vanbelle2, Ankie E W Hamaekers3

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; MHeNs-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
|January 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Short-term use of endotracheal tubes (ETT) and supraglottic airways (SGA) during anesthesia results in minimal laryngeal changes. These airway instrumentation methods are considered vocal fold function sparing techniques.

Keywords:
AnesthesiaIntratrachealIntubationLaryngeal maskVocal cords

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Prolonged intubation can cause dysphonia and laryngeal changes.
  • The impact of short-term airway instrumentation on the larynx is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of laryngeal changes after short-term endotracheal tube (ETT) or supraglottic airway (SGA) use.
  • To identify predictors of laryngeal changes following brief airway instrumentation.

Main Methods:

  • Adults undergoing short-term general anesthesia (ETT or SGA) had voice assessments preoperatively, postoperatively, and at follow-up.
  • Assessments included videolaryngostroboscopy, Voice Handicap Index (VHI), and acoustic voice analysis.
  • Multilevel regression models analyzed the effects of demographics, anesthesia, and airway type on laryngeal outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The overall prevalence of postoperative laryngeal changes was low.
  • Right-sided vocal fold redness (ETT group) and blood vessels (both groups) showed significant postoperative changes.
  • Regression analysis indicated no significant difference in redness between ETT and SGA groups after adjustments.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term endotracheal tube (ETT) and supraglottic airway (SGA) use are vocal fold function sparing.
  • These airway instrumentation techniques result in negligible laryngeal changes.