[Lymphedema-clinical picture and therapy]

Local edema is a common symptom in many skin diseases, especially in inflammatory or allergic reactions. Diseases of the lymphatic system can also lead to edema with specific changes in the skin. Lymphedema is the result of primary genetic changes, which can also occur in the context of syndromes and can be traced to abnormal development of the lymphatic system. Secondary lymphedema usually develops after surgery, inflammatory reactions or chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). The microfiltrate that is transported in the tissue in healthy individuals via the lymphatic system is rich in proteins and induces fibrosis of the epidermis and dermis. In addition to edema, clinical signs include pachydermia, papillomatosis cutis lymphostatica, hyperkeratosis, lymph cysts, lymph fistulas, nail dystrophies and yellow nails. Basic therapy comprises complex decongestive therapy (CDT: manual lymph drainage, compression, physical exercise/sports, skin care and instructions regarding self-management). Intermittent compression can also be applied. Comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes mellitus may aggravate the situation and must be treated. Adequate therapy can reduce sequelae of the skin.