Basal Nanosuit of Graphite for High-Energy Hybrid Li Batteries

Lithium (Li) metal anode has attracted tremendous attention for its highest capacity (3860 mAh g^-1). Herein, we report that the formation of dead Li can be effectively suppressed through Li plating on porous lithiated graphite lamina (PLGL). A lithiophilic carbon layer was decorated on the lithiophobic basal plane of porous graphite lamina (PGL) with an industry-scalable slurry-coating strategy. Moreover, the higher delithiation potential of PLGL will ensure the complete stripping of the plated Li before its delithiation, thus dramatically enhancing the average Coulombic efficiency (ACE) of Li plating/stripping to 98.5% at a high Li plating/stripping capacity of 2 mAh cm^-2 (∼1100 mAh g^-1) at 2 mA cm^-2. Even at an ultrahigh current density of 4 mA cm^-2 (with Li capacity of 4 mAh cm^-2 (∼1900 mAh g^-1)), the ACE could still be maintained at 96.2% in an ordinary carbonate electrolyte.