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Respiratory evolution in archosaurs.

Robert J Brocklehurst1, Emma R Schachner2, Jonathan R Codd3

  • 1School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|January 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Archosaur evolution features diverse respiratory systems, from early parabronchial lungs to specialized avian and crocodilian designs. Understanding these respiratory strategies aids in reconstructing fossil archosaur physiology and evolution.

Keywords:
Archosauriabiomechanicsbreathinglung morphologyrespiratory system

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Comparative Anatomy
  • Vertebrate Physiology

Background:

  • Archosauria is a successful vertebrate group with varied respiratory and metabolic strategies.
  • Understanding respiratory evolution is key to archosaur biology, especially following the Permo-Triassic extinction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review respiratory function, anatomy, biomechanics, and physiology in living and fossil archosaurs.
  • To trace the evolution of respiratory systems from ancestral forms to modern birds and crocodiles.
  • To inform reconstructions of fossil archosaur physiology and key evolutionary events.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomical and biomechanical evidence for respiratory systems.
  • Analysis of osteological correlates for lung structure and air sacs.
  • Integration of biomechanical data from extant taxa to inform fossil reconstructions.

Main Results:

  • Early archosaurs possessed a parabronchial lung with unidirectional airflow.
  • Divergent respiratory designs evolved in avian and crocodilian lineages.
  • The avian lung-air sac system shows functional separation of gas exchange and ventilation.

Conclusions:

  • Respiratory system evolution significantly impacted archosaur radiation and metabolic rate increases.
  • Improved understanding of respiratory form and function aids in reconstructing fossil archosaur physiology.
  • Respiratory adaptations were crucial for archosaur survival and diversification, particularly during hypoxic periods.