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Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Surface Defects of Remover Retreatment File After Single and Multiple Uses
Published on: October 11, 2024
A Survey of Blemishes on Processed Microfilm
C S McCamy1, S R Wiley1, J A Speckman1
1Institute for Basic Standards, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234.
Abstract:
As part of an investigation of the formation of six types of redox blemishes on microfilm, 7411 rolls of microfilmed records in 36 Federal Government agencies were microscopically inspected by 34 inspectors trained by the National Archives and the National Bureau of Standards. About 350,000 observations were statistically analyzed. Careful photographic processing, adequate washing, careful handling, cool and dry storage in inert containers, and adequate ventilation, are among the conditions that have been found beneficial in preventing blemish formation. Data are compiled in an appendix.
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