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A Distributed Wireless Network of Implantable Sub-mm Cortical Microstimulators for Brain-Computer Interfaces
Summary
This study introduces microscale "Neurograins," a scalable solution for high-density brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). These wireless, implantable devices overcome current limitations for advanced neural signal recording and stimulation.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biomedical Engineering
- Materials Science
Background:
- Scalability of implantable neural interfaces is crucial for advancing cortical Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs).
- Current monolithic devices with limited channels and bulky packaging hinder high-density, multi-areal signal acquisition.
- Spatially distributed sensor systems offer a promising alternative for enhanced neural interfacing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe a microscale (500 μm) programmable neural stimulator for a networked system of wireless "Neurograins."
- To present a scalable solution for high-density cortical signal access in BCIs.
- To detail the integration, encapsulation, and wireless power/telemetry management for chronic neural implants.
Main Methods:
- Development of sub-millimeter "Neurograins" with wireless energy harvesting (near 1 GHz) and bidirectional telemetry.
- Integration of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) electrodes or intracortical microwires onto stimulation neurograins.
- Hermetic encapsulation of microdevice ensembles using liquid-crystal polymer (LCP) thermocompression for chronic implantability.
- Utilizing a wearable external "Epidermal Skinpatch" for radio-frequency power and telecommunications management.
Main Results:
- Demonstration of microscale programmable neural stimulators within a networked system.
- Successful integration of various electrode types and robust encapsulation for chronic implantation.
- Proof-of-concept performance validation in benchtop and ex vivo rodent models.
Conclusions:
- The described "Neurograin" system offers a scalable approach to high-density neural interfacing for advanced BCIs.
- Wireless power and telemetry, combined with microscale device design, address key challenges in chronic neural implantability.
- This technology paves the way for enhanced cortical signal access and therapeutic interventions.
