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Related Concept Videos

Damped Oscillations01:07

Damped Oscillations

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In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
Although friction and other non-conservative...
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Forced Oscillations01:06

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Stability is an important concept in oscillation. If an equilibrium point is stable, a slight disturbance of an object that is initially at the stable equilibrium point will cause the object to oscillate around that point. For an unstable equilibrium point, if the object is disturbed slightly, it will not return to the equilibrium point. There are three conditions for equilibrium points—stable, unstable, and half-stable. A half-stable equilibrium point is also unstable, but is named so...
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Types of Damping01:20

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If the amount of damping in a system is gradually increased, the period and frequency start to become affected because damping opposes, and hence slows, the back and forth motion (the net force is smaller in both directions). If there is a very large amount of damping, the system does not even oscillate; instead, it slowly moves toward equilibrium. In brief, an overdamped system moves slowly towards equilibrium, whereas an underdamped system moves quickly to equilibrium but will oscillate about...
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When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...
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A wave is a disturbance that propagates from its source, repeating itself periodically, and is typically associated with simple harmonic motion. Mechanical waves are governed by Newton's laws and require a medium to travel. A medium is a substance in which a mechanical wave propagates, and the medium produces an elastic restoring force when it is deformed.
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Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
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Surface-reaction induced structural oscillations in the subsurface.

Xianhu Sun1, Wenhui Zhu1, Dongxiang Wu1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.

Nature Communications
|January 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surface reactions can impact deeper material layers. Hydrogen-CuO reactions cause subsurface structural oscillations by altering oxygen vacancies, affecting processes like catalysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Surface and subsurface regions are typically studied separately due to distinct bonding and experimental challenges.
  • Understanding the interplay between surface reactions and subsurface behavior is crucial for many chemical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic coupling between surface reactions and subsurface structural changes.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which surface reactions propagate into deeper atomic layers.

Main Methods:

  • In-situ atomic-scale transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to simultaneously observe surface and subsurface phenomena.
  • Atomistic calculations to model and understand the observed structural dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Hydrogen-CuO surface reactions induce cyclic ordering and disordering of oxygen vacancies in the subsurface.
  • These subsurface structural oscillations are driven by hydrogen oxidation-induced cyclic oxygen loss from the oxide surface.
  • Surface reaction dynamics propagate into deeper layers, inducing nonstoichiometry in the subsurface.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrates the direct link between surface reaction dynamics and subsurface structural modifications.
  • Highlights the importance of considering subsurface effects in surface-mediated chemical processes.
  • Findings have significant implications for heterogeneous catalysis, oxidation, corrosion, and carburization.