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Organokines in disease.

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|January 19, 2020
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This review explores organ crosstalk in metabolic diseases. Understanding how organs communicate via organokines can reveal new therapeutic targets for obesity, diabetes, and dementia.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disease Research
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and dementia share links to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress.
  • Metabolic syndrome, characterized by central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia, heightens the risk for these conditions.
  • The growing socioeconomic burden necessitates novel pharmacologic strategies for cardiometabolic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of organ crosstalk.
  • To elucidate the roles of novel organokines in normal physiology and pathophysiology.
  • To explore organokine involvement in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, CVD, NAFLD, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on organokine signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of the interplay between adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver endocrine functions.
  • Examination of endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine communication mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver act as central endocrine organs secreting adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines.
  • These organokines mediate communication influencing inflammation, energy homeostasis, and metabolic regulation.
  • Dysregulation of organokine signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Organ crosstalk is crucial for maintaining metabolic and neuroendocrine homeostasis.
  • Understanding organokine pathways offers potential for novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Targeting organ crosstalk may provide new avenues for managing interconnected cardiometabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.