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Nutrient addition increases grassland sensitivity to droughts.

Siddharth Bharath1, Elizabeth T Borer1, Lori A Biederman2

  • 1Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, 55108, Minnesota, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human-caused nutrient pollution can destabilize grassland productivity, impacting drought resistance and recovery differently across regions. This highlights the complex interactions between eutrophication and climate change effects on diverse grassland ecosystems.

Keywords:
Nutrient Network (NutNet)diversity lossdroughtfertilizationgrasslandsprimary production

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Plant Biology

Background:

  • Grasslands face increasing drought frequency and intensity due to climate change.
  • Human industrial activities are increasing nutrient inputs (eutrophication) into ecosystems.
  • Nutrient enrichment may alter plant diversity and increase drought sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of experimental nutrient fertilization and diversity loss on grassland resistance to and recovery from drought.
  • To assess how these effects vary across different grassland types (annual vs. perennial) and aridity gradients in North America.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted experiments at 13 North American grassland sites (California annual, Great Plains perennial).
  • Measured resistance as change in aboveground net primary production (ANPP) per unit change in precipitation during drought.
  • Measured recovery as ANPP change during the post-drought period with returning precipitation.

Main Results:

  • In Great Plains perennial grasslands, nutrient fertilization reduced drought resistance but increased recovery.
  • In California annual grasslands, arid sites showed greater post-drought recovery; nutrient addition had inconsistent effects.
  • Predrought species richness did not consistently predict resistance or recovery across all sites.

Conclusions:

  • Human-induced eutrophication can destabilize grassland primary production.
  • The impact of eutrophication on drought resilience varies regionally and between annual and perennial grasslands.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for predicting grassland responses to global change.