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Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
Published on: September 26, 2025
Formulation, characterization and in vivo evaluation of Hedera helix L., topical dosage forms
Rahman Gul1, Syed Umer Jan2, Mahmood Ahmed3
1Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan/Department of Health, Government of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to prepare topical formulations of micro emulsion, gel and ointment containing the Hedera helix L. extracts against asthma and to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics. A validated HPLC method was used for the analysis of blood plasma. In-vivo studies of the drugs were compared in rabbit plasma with oral dosing. Stability studies were performed for 3 months. The results showed that formulations were stable. No Skin irritation observed on rabbits. The optimized micro emulsion and gel showed fast absorption. Maximal plasma concentration (cmax) and the maximal time to reach cmax (tmax) were 70.226μg/mL, 75.26μg/mL and 2 hours for the micro emulsion and gel, 90.11μg/mL and 1 hour for the oral drug syrup respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as tmax, cmax and AUC of the selected formulations and oral dosing were significantly different (P < 0.01).
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