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Complete Quantum-State Tomography with a Local Random Field.

Pengcheng Yang1, Min Yu1, Ralf Betzholz1

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Researchers developed a new quantum state tomography method using random pulses on a single qubit. This technique successfully reconstructs complex quantum states, even for inaccessible parts of the system.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Computing
  • Quantum Measurement

Background:

  • Complete characterization of multiqubit quantum states typically requires complex measurement schemes.
  • Single-qubit measurements alone are often insufficient for full quantum state tomography.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a simplified method for quantum state tomography using single-qubit control.
  • To achieve high-fidelity state reconstruction in a challenging multiqubit system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing local random pulses applied to a single controllable qubit.
  • Performing quantum state tomography on a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center coupled to an unaddressed nuclear spin.
  • Randomly driving and measuring only the NV-center electron spin.

Main Results:

  • Achieved complete quantum state tomography for a multiqubit system with a single controllable qubit.
  • Reconstructed a highly entangled electron-nuclear spin state with fidelity exceeding 95%.
  • Demonstrated the principle's effectiveness on a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond.

Conclusions:

  • Local random pulse control is sufficient for high-fidelity quantum state tomography in many systems.
  • This method simplifies quantum characterization, especially for systems with inaccessible components.
  • The principle offers a pathway for unknown quantum process characterization and control.