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Plane Wave Imaging Techniques for Immersion Testing of Components With Nonplanar Surfaces.

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    IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
    |January 28, 2020
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    Plane wave imaging adapted in postprocessing (PWAPP) enables high-resolution ultrasonic testing of nonplanar components without prior geometric knowledge. This advanced technique significantly improves signal-to-noise ratio for defect detection in complex geometries.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing
    • Advanced Imaging Techniques
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Plane wave imaging (PWI) offers high resolution and few transmissions for ultrasonic array imaging.
    • Conventional PWI is limited for components with nonplanar surfaces, requiring prior knowledge of geometry for adapted transmission delays.
    • Existing methods for nonplanar surfaces are complex and necessitate detailed pre-inspection information.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel postprocessing approach for plane wave imaging (PWAPP) that eliminates the need for prior component geometry knowledge.
    • To evaluate the performance of PWAPP in imaging defects within components featuring nonplanar surfaces.
    • To compare PWAPP's effectiveness against conventional PWI and PWI adapted during transmission.

    Main Methods:

    • PWAPP utilizes conventional PWI transmission but incorporates two postprocessing stages: surface reconstruction and delay adaptation for internal imaging.
    • The study employed simulated and experimental data from an immersed sample with a concave front surface and artificial defects.
    • Performance was assessed using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and comparison with conventional PWI and transmission-adapted PWI.

    Main Results:

    • PWAPP and transmission-adapted PWI showed comparable results on simulated data, outperforming conventional PWI.
    • Experimentally, PWAPP achieved SNRs of at least 31.8 dB, significantly higher than conventional PWI's 20.5 dB.
    • PWAPP maintained high SNR performance even with reduced transmissions (down to a quarter of array elements) and detected all scatterers in a complex specimen.

    Conclusions:

    • PWAPP is a robust ultrasonic imaging technique for nonplanar components, offering high resolution and SNR without requiring pre-acquired geometric data.
    • The postprocessing adaptation in PWAPP significantly enhances defect detection capabilities compared to conventional PWI.
    • PWAPP demonstrates potential for efficient and effective nondestructive testing of complex geometries, comparable to the Total Focusing Method.