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Nanoconfinement-mediated cancer theranostics
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
Abstract:
Despite various therapeutic or diagnostic developments, cancer is still one of the most lethal diseases due to insufficiently adequate treatments and the delay of the early stage of disease detection. An image-guided drug delivery system (IGDDS), as a real-time noninvasive imaging assessment of therapeutic response, has the strong potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer because its imaging property offers the quantification of nanomedicine at the intended disease sites, the possible assurance of adequate treatment and elimination of undesirable delay of early-stage diagnosis due to low resolution. One of potential modality that overcomes these challenges could be the nanoconfinement of gold (Au) nanoparticles within other nanoparticles called "Particle-in-Particle (PIP)", which is a strong candidate of cancer treatment because of its "theranostic (therapy + diagnostics)" advantages including imaging (e.g., CT) and therapeutic hyperthermia application. In this review, we will elaborate on the current application of theranostic by nanoconfinement. Then, we will narrow down the gold nanoparticle-mediated theranostic application and its nanoconfinement advantages. Finally, the future direction for maximum nanoconfinement mediated cancer therapy will be included.
Insights
Nanoparticle systems offer advanced cancer treatment by combining therapy and diagnostics (theranostics). Gold nanoparticles confined within other nanoparticles show promise for improved cancer imaging and hyperthermia therapy.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Nanotechnology
- Oncology
Background:
- Cancer remains a leading cause of death due to treatment limitations and delayed diagnosis.
- Image-guided drug delivery systems (IGDDS) offer real-time monitoring for improved cancer diagnosis and treatment.
- Current imaging technologies often lack the resolution for early-stage cancer detection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the application of nanoconfinement for theranostic cancer treatment.
- To highlight the advantages of gold nanoparticles in nanoconfined theranostic systems.
- To discuss future directions for nanoconfinement-enhanced cancer therapy.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on nanoconfinement strategies for cancer theranostics.
- Focus on "Particle-in-Particle" (PIP) systems utilizing gold nanoparticles.
- Analysis of theranostic applications including imaging (CT) and hyperthermia.
Main Results:
- Nanoconfinement of gold nanoparticles in PIP systems offers theranostic advantages.
- These systems enable quantitative imaging of nanomedicine at disease sites.
- Potential for improved therapeutic efficacy and early diagnosis through enhanced resolution.
Conclusions:
- Nanoconfinement of gold nanoparticles presents a promising approach for advanced cancer theranostics.
- PIP systems enhance the capabilities of image-guided drug delivery.
- Further research into nanoconfinement strategies can maximize therapeutic outcomes for cancer patients.
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