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Trained Immunity for Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities
Joana R Lérias1, Eric de Sousa1, Georgia Paraschoudi1
1ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
Frontiers in Microbiology
|January 31, 2020
Summary
Innate immune cells can form memories through epigenetic imprinting, a process called trained immunity. This phenomenon offers new avenues for developing host-directed immunotherapies against cancer and infectious diseases.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Epigenetics
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Innate immune cells exhibit memory formation capabilities, influenced by microbial ligands and epigenetic imprinting.
- Recognition of pathogen-/danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) triggers histone modifications, establishing trained immunity.
- Trained immunity impacts responses to both the initial pathogen and unrelated threats encountered later.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of innate immune memory and trained immunity.
- To highlight new findings regarding trained immunity in monocytic and natural killer cells.
- To explore the potential of trained immunity in cancer immunotherapy and infectious diseases.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on innate immune memory and trained immunity.
- Discussion of epigenetic mechanisms, including histone modification.
- Exploration of trained immunity in various cell types, including immune and non-immune cells.
Main Results:
- Trained immunity has been observed in monocytic cells and natural killer cells.
- Non-immune cells, such as stromal cells and fibroblasts, also exhibit characteristics of trained immunity.
- Epigenetic imprinting is a key mechanism underlying trained immunity.
Conclusions:
- Trained innate immunity presents a promising area for further research in cancer.
- Strategies based on trained immunity could lead to novel host-directed immunotherapies.
- The concept of trained immunity may also be applicable to the treatment of infectious diseases.
Keywords:
cancerdendritic cellsimmune responsesimmunotherapyinflammationmacrophagespathogenstrained immunityMore Related Videos
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