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Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Superconducting phase transitions in disordered NbTiN films.

M V Burdastyh1,2, S V Postolova1,3, T Proslier4

  • 1A. V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 13 Lavrentjev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.

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Disordered superconducting thin films exhibit a smooth transition from a superconductor-normal metal state to a superconductor-insulator state. This transition occurs via a Bose metal state when sheet resistance exceeds a critical value.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Superconductivity suppression in disordered systems is a key challenge.
  • Understanding the superconductor-normal metal transition (SMT) is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate superconducting niobium-titanium-nitride (Nb1-xTixN) thin films.
  • Characterize the transition from SMT to superconductor-insulator transition (SIT).

Main Methods:

  • Atomic layer deposition (ALD) for thin film growth.
  • Variable temperature sheet resistance measurements.
  • Analysis of sheet resistance saturation to detect Bose metal state.

Main Results:

  • Observed a smooth crossover from SMT to SIT via a Bose metal state.
  • Identified low-temperature saturation in sheet resistance indicating the Bose metal state.
  • Demonstrated SIT occurs when Rmax exceeds Rq = h/4e2.

Conclusions:

  • The Bose metal state acts as an intermediate phase in the disorder-driven transition.
  • The critical sheet resistance Rq = h/4e2 determines the onset of SIT in these films.