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Macrophage subsets in atherosclerosis as defined by single-cell technologies.

Lisa Willemsen1, Menno Pj de Winther1,2

  • 1Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

The Journal of Pathology
|February 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Single-cell technologies reveal three key macrophage subsets in atherosclerosis: resident-like, pro-inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory foamy TREM2hi macrophages. Understanding these immune cell phenotypes in atherosclerotic plaques aids future disease treatments.

Keywords:
CyTOFTREM2atherosclerosisfoam cellshumaninflammationmacrophagesmass cytometrymicesingle-cell RNA sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Macrophages are crucial in atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
  • Atherosclerotic plaque microenvironments contain numerous macrophage-modulating factors.
  • Traditional methods like immunohistochemistry and bulk analysis limit detailed macrophage phenotyping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in single-cell technologies for defining macrophage subsets in atherosclerotic plaques.
  • To characterize macrophage phenotypes within the arterial wall of mice and humans.

Main Methods:

  • Application of single-cell technologies, including cytometry by time of flight and single-cell RNA sequencing.
  • Analysis of macrophage populations in atherosclerotic arterial walls from mouse and human samples.

Main Results:

  • Identification of three main macrophage subsets: resident-like, pro-inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory foamy TREM2hi macrophages.
  • These subsets are present in both mouse and human atherosclerotic plaques.
  • Discussion of subset-specific markers and functions.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell technologies provide comprehensive mapping of macrophage diversity in atherosclerosis.
  • Characterizing distinct macrophage subsets offers insights into disease mechanisms.
  • Further understanding of immune cell phenotypes may guide novel therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis.