Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, and the Placenta
Gernot Desoye1, Mila Cervar-Zivkovic1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, Graz 8036, Austria.
Abstract:
The placenta is exposed to metabolic derangements in the maternal and fetal circulation. The effects of the early placental "exposome" determine further trajectories. Overstimulation of the fetal pancreas in early gestation results in fetal hyperinsulinemia, augmenting glucose transfer with adverse effects on the fetus. The manifold placental changes at the end of pregnancy can be regarded as adaptive responses to protect the fetus from diabetes and obesity. The causal role of the placenta, if any, in mediating long-term effects on offspring development is an important area of current and future research.
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