Three-dimensional-Printed Computed Tomography-Based Bone Models for Spine Surgery Simulation.

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Surgical Simulation
• Additive Manufacturing

Background:

• Developing realistic synthetic bone models for surgical simulation is crucial for training.
• Existing methods may lack haptic fidelity or affordability.
• Patient-specific anatomy and pathology reproduction is desired.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a novel 3D printing method for creating low-cost, patient-specific synthetic bone models for spine surgery simulation.
• To optimize models for realistic haptic properties and fluoroscopic compatibility.
• To validate the models' realism with surgical experts.

Main Methods:

• Computed tomography (CT) data was used to create patient-specific spine models.
• A 3D printing technique utilizing two materials for cortical and cancellous bone was employed.
• Printing parameters were iteratively optimized with surgical experts, followed by haptic and fluoroscopic evaluations.

Main Results:

• Surgical experts found the printed models' cortical and cancellous structures haptically comparable to human vertebral bone.
• The models were confirmed to be fluoroscopically compatible, accurately displaying fractures.
• The material cost for a typical spine model was approximately US $11.

Conclusions:

• The novel 3D printing methodology successfully creates realistic synthetic spine models for surgical simulation.
• The models offer accurate haptic feedback and are compatible with X-ray imaging.
• These patient-specific, radiation-free models enhance surgical training and simulation environments.