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Variability in Executive Control Performance Is Predicted by Physical Activity.

G Kyle Gooderham1, Simon Ho1, Todd C Handy1

  • 1Attentional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physical activity (PA) influences cognitive performance variability. Moderate PA increased intraindividual variability (IIV) in reaction time, while vigorous PA decreased it, suggesting intensity matters for cognitive function.

Keywords:
cognitive loadexecutive controlexerciseintraindividual variabilityphysical activityyoung adults

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Physical activity (PA) enhances neurogenesis and offers neuroprotection, supporting cognitive function.
  • Intraindividual variability (IIV) in cognitive performance reflects underlying neuropsychological capabilities.
  • The relationship between PA and cognitive IIV remains underexplored despite PA's known brain benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of physical activity (PA) on intraindividual variability (IIV) in reaction time (RT).
  • To examine how different intensities of PA affect cognitive performance variability.
  • To explore the moderating role of age and task type on the PA-IIV relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Three studies utilized modified Flanker Tasks and the Attention Network Test (ANT) to assess executive control and attention.
  • International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) measured self-reported physical activity levels.
  • Reaction time coefficients of variation (RTCV) were calculated to quantify cognitive performance variability.

Main Results:

  • No association was found between overall PA and IIV on basic reaction time or modified Flanker Tasks.
  • On the ANT, moderate PA positively correlated with RTCV (greater variability), while vigorous PA negatively correlated (less variability).
  • Cognitive variability decreased with age when controlling for PA effects; task type and cognitive load influenced the PA-IIV relationship.

Conclusions:

  • Physical activity intensity is a critical factor in its relationship with cognitive variability in young adults.
  • Vigorous PA may enhance cognitive stability, whereas moderate PA might increase variability in specific executive tasks.
  • The effects of PA on cognitive performance are task-dependent and modulated by intensity, age, and cognitive load.