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TOR dynamically regulates plant cell-cell transport.

Jacob O Brunkard1,2,3, Min Xu4,5, M Regina Scarpin4,2

  • 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720; brunkard@berkeley.edu zambrysk@berkeley.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) pathway regulates sugar transport between plant leaves. Activated TOR signaling restricts sugar flow through plasmodesmata (PD), impacting leaf development.

Keywords:
ReptinTARGET OF RAPAMYCINcell–cell signalingplasmodesmatarapamycin

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Development

Background:

  • Efficient sugar distribution from mature to developing leaves is crucial for plant growth.
  • Plasmodesmata (PD) mediate intercellular sugar transport, but regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Understanding PD regulation is key to controlling plant development and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify molecular mechanisms controlling plasmodesmata (PD) transport in plant leaves.
  • To investigate the role of the TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) signaling pathway in regulating PD function.
  • To link carbohydrate availability to PD-mediated transport via TOR signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Forward genetic screen to identify mutants with altered PD transport.
  • Genetic, chemical, and physiological approaches to manipulate TOR activity.
  • Correlation analysis of TOR activity, sugar levels, and PD transport rates in different leaf types.

Main Results:

  • The conserved glucose-TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) pathway was identified as a negative regulator of PD transport in leaves.
  • Activation of TOR signaling, induced by glucose, leads to decreased PD transport.
  • TOR activity is higher in mature, sugar-rich source leaves compared to young, growing sink leaves, correlating with reduced PD transport.

Conclusions:

  • Leaf cells utilize the TOR pathway to sense carbohydrate status and modulate PD transport.
  • TOR signaling acts as a critical checkpoint, restricting sugar flow from mature to developing leaves when carbohydrate levels are high.
  • This regulation by TOR ensures efficient resource allocation and supports coordinated plant development.