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Published on: September 26, 2018
Eicosanoids: Atherosclerosis and cardiometabolic health
Kimberly Piper1, Mahdi Garelnabi1
1University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA.
Insights
Eicosanoids, crucial in cardiovascular diseases (CVD), are linked to diet. Further research is needed to pinpoint specific eicosanoids inciting inflammation in CVD related to dietary lipids.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cardiology
- Immunology
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of mortality in the U.S.
- Eicosanoids are implicated in the development and progression of cardiometabolic diseases.
- Understanding eicosanoid roles is vital for CVD research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in eicosanoid research concerning cardiovascular diseases.
- To explore the relationship between dietary lipids, particularly omega fatty acids, and eicosanoid production.
- To assess the implications of eicosanoids in immune responses relevant to CVD.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive review of existing literature, including original human and animal studies.
- Analysis of recent trends and research on eicosanoids and their role in CVD.
- Assessment of eicosanoid metabolites as markers for atherosclerosis.
Main Results:
- Eicosanoids play a significant role in mediating immune responses, influencing both enhancement and resolution.
- Dietary lipid consumption, especially omega fatty acids, affects eicosanoid profiles.
- Atherosclerosis research often relies on eicosanoid metabolites due to the short half-life of eicosanoids themselves.
Conclusions:
- Further investigation is required to identify specific eicosanoid classes and species that trigger inflammation in CVD.
- Clinical studies examining dietary lipids' impact on CVD should focus on precise eicosanoid mechanisms.
- Enhanced understanding of eicosanoids can lead to novel therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been the leading causes of death in the U.S. for nearly a century. Numerous studies have linked eicosanoids to cardiometabolic disease. Objectives and Methods: This review summaries recent advances and innovative research in eicosanoids and CVD. Numerous review articles and their original human or animal studies were assessed in the relevant and recent studies.
Outcome:
We identified and discussed recent trends in eicosanoids known for their roles in CVD. Their subsequent relationships were assessed for any possible implications associated with consumption of different dietary lipids, essentially omega fatty acids. Eicosanoids have been heavily sought after over recent decades for their direct role in mediating the enhancement and resolution of acute immune responses. Given the short half-life of these oxidized lipid metabolites, studies on atherosclerosis have had to rely on the metabolites that are actively involved in eicosanoid production, signaling or redox reactions as markers for atherosclerosis-related molecular behaviors.
Conclusion:
Further investigations expending current knowledge, should be applied to narrow the specific class and species of eicosanoids responsible for inciting inflammation especially in the context of recent clinical studies assessing the role of dietary lipid in cardiovascular diseases.
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