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Embryonic Temperature Programs Phenotype in Reptiles.

Sunil Kumar Singh1, Debojyoti Das1, Turk Rhen1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States.

Frontiers in Physiology
|February 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Temperature significantly impacts reptile development and phenotype, influencing traits like sex determination. Understanding these effects is crucial for predicting reptile responses to climate change and guiding future research.

Keywords:
endocrinologygrowthsex determinationtemperaturethermal acclimation

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Area of Science:

  • Herpetology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Climate Change Biology

Background:

  • Reptile development and phenotype are highly sensitive to temperature.
  • Phenotypic plasticity, driven by environmental factors like temperature, allows individuals to develop different traits.
  • Climate change exacerbates temperature effects, particularly in species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on temperature effects on reptile phenotypic and developmental plasticity.
  • To examine reversible and permanent temperature effects on reptile development.
  • To discuss the implications of these effects for reptile populations facing global warming.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on temperature effects on reptile development.
  • Analysis of biophysical processes, thermal performance curves, and thermal acclimation.
  • Focus on developmental programming during embryogenesis, especially in oviparous species.
  • Exploration of epigenetic mechanisms mediating temperature effects.

Main Results:

  • Temperature influences reptile metabolism, development rate, and can cause permanent phenotypic changes.
  • Incubation temperature can program post-hatching physiology and influence long-term fitness.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms play a role in mediating temperature-induced phenotypic effects.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature is a critical factor shaping reptile phenotype and development, with lasting impacts.
  • Understanding temperature-dependent plasticity is vital for assessing reptile vulnerability to climate change.
  • Future research should focus on temperature sensors and genetic variation in thermosensitivity.